CH. II · Principles 原则
Lawfulness of processing
处理的合法性
Abs. 1
Processing shall be lawful only if and to the extent that at least one of the following applies:
只有在符合以下至少一项条件且在相应范围内，处理才是合法的：
lit. a
lit. b
processing is necessary for the performance of a contract to which the data subject is party or in order to take steps at the request of the data subject prior to entering into a contract;
为履行数据主体作为一方当事人的合同所必需，或为应数据主体的请求在订立合同前采取相应步骤所必需；
lit. c
processing is necessary for compliance with a legal obligation to which the controller is subject;
为遵守控制者所应履行的法律义务所必需；
lit. d
processing is necessary in order to protect the vital interests of the data subject or of another natural person;
为保护数据主体或另一自然人的生命攸关利益所必需；
lit. e
processing is necessary for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority vested in the controller;
为履行涉及公共利益的任务，或为行使授予控制者的公权力所必需；
lit. f
processing is necessary for the purposes of the legitimate interests pursued by the controller or by a third party, except where such interests are overridden by the interests or fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject which require protection of personal data, in particular where the data subject is a child2.
为控制者或第三方追求的正当利益所必需，但若数据主体（尤其是儿童）的利益或要求保护个人数据的基本权利与自由凌驾于该等利益之上的，则不在此限2。
Abs. 1 — 2. UAbs.
Point (f) of the first subparagraph shall not apply to processing carried out by public authorities in the performance of their tasks.
第一款第（f）项不适用于公共机关在履行其职责过程中进行的处理。
Abs. 2
Member States may maintain or introduce more specific provisions to adapt the application of the rules of this Regulation with regard to processing for compliance with points (c) and (e) of paragraph 1 by determining more precisely specific requirements for the processing and other measures to ensure lawful and fair processing including for other specific processing situations as provided for in Chapter IX.
成员国可以保留或引入更具体的规定，以调整本条例规则在为遵守第 1 款第（c）项与第（e）项而进行的处理上的适用，方法是更精确地规定该等处理的具体要求与其他措施，以确保处理的合法与公平，包括第九章规定的其他特定处理情形。
Abs. 3
The basis for the processing referred to in point (c) and (e) of paragraph 1 shall be laid down by:
第 1 款第（c）项与第（e）项所述处理的依据应由以下规定：
lit. a
Union law; or
欧盟法律；或
lit. b
Member State law to which the controller is subject.
控制者所应遵守的成员国法律。
Abs. 3 — 2. UAbs.
The purpose of the processing shall be determined in that legal basis or, as regards the processing referred to in point (e) of paragraph 1, shall be necessary for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority vested in the controller. That legal basis may contain specific provisions to adapt the application of rules of this Regulation, inter alia: the general conditions governing the lawfulness of processing by the controller; the types of data which are subject to the processing; the data subjects concerned; the entities to, and the purposes for which, the personal data may be disclosed; the purpose limitation; storage periods; and processing operations and processing procedures, including measures to ensure lawful and fair processing such as those for other specific processing situations as provided for in Chapter IX. The Union or the Member State law shall meet an objective of public interest and be proportionate to the legitimate aim pursued.
处理的目的应在该法律依据中确定，或就第 1 款第（e）项所述处理而言，应为履行涉及公共利益的任务或为行使授予控制者的公权力所必需。该法律依据可包含具体规定以调整本条例规则的适用，特别是：管辖控制者处理合法性的一般条件；受处理的数据类型；相关的数据主体；个人数据可被披露的对象与目的；目的限制；保存期限；以及处理操作与处理程序，包括确保处理合法与公平的措施，例如第九章规定的其他特定处理情形所对应的措施。该欧盟法律或成员国法律应符合公共利益目标，并与所追求的正当目的成比例。
Abs. 4
Where the processing for a purpose other than that for which the personal data have been collected is not based on the data subject's consent or on a Union or Member State law which constitutes a necessary and proportionate measure in a democratic society to safeguard the objectives referred to in Article 23(1), the controller shall, in order to ascertain whether processing for another purpose is compatible with the purpose for which the personal data are initially collected, take into account, inter alia:
若为收集个人数据之目的以外的目的进行的处理，并非基于数据主体的同意，亦非基于在民主社会中为保障第 23 条第 1 款所述目标所必需且成比例之措施而构成的欧盟法律或成员国法律，则控制者为判断为另一目的的处理是否与最初收集个人数据的目的相容，应特别考虑以下因素：
lit. a
any link between the purposes for which the personal data have been collected and the purposes of the intended further processing;
收集个人数据的目的与拟进行的进一步处理的目的之间的任何关联；
lit. b
the context in which the personal data have been collected, in particular regarding the relationship between data subjects and the controller;
个人数据被收集的具体情境，特别是数据主体与控制者之间的关系；
lit. c
the nature of the personal data, in particular whether special categories of personal data are processed, pursuant to Article 9, or whether personal data related to criminal convictions and offences are processed, pursuant to Article 10;
个人数据的性质，尤其是是否依第 9 条处理特殊类别的个人数据，或是否依第 10 条处理与刑事定罪及犯罪相关的个人数据；
lit. d
the possible consequences of the intended further processing for data subjects;
拟进行的进一步处理对数据主体可能产生的后果；
lit. e
the existence of appropriate safeguards, which may include encryption or pseudonymisation.
是否存在适当的保障措施，可包括加密或假名化。
Notes脚注汇总
2 items共 2 条- 1lit. a↩
"Consent" is defined in Article 4(11) as "any freely given, specific, informed and unambiguous indication of the data subject's wishes". The conditions for valid consent — including the right to withdraw it at any time — are set out in Article 7.
- 2lit. f↩
This balancing test is referred to as the "Legitimate Interests Assessment" (LIA). See Recital 47 for guidance — including that the existence of a legitimate interest needs careful assessment, especially considering the reasonable expectations of data subjects.